solar distillation system to make sea water drinkable, Carlisle House, solar oven
Telkes Maria (1900 - 1996), biophysics and associated with the MIT (Massachusett Institute of Technology) in 1920 during World War II invented a distiller of plastic that can produce, with the sun, a few liters of fresh water from the sea for survivors. The principle of solar distillation is relatively simple: the sea water or saline is placed into a kind of black box, covered with a transparent glass or plastic surface exposed to the Sun Solar energy enters through the transparent roof, heats 'salt water, some water evaporates and condenses on the inner surface of the transparent sheet covering the distiller. In 1948 he directed the construction of the first experimental solar-heated house (the House Carlisle) which was followed by thermoelectric generators for space and terrestrial uses. Maria's inventions in the solar Telkes were also applied to agriculture. Telkes then devoted himself to the realization of a solar oven, a structure to be used outdoors, consisting of a central body which was part of the food, and a series of reflective aluminum panels, arranged in order to capture the warmth of the Sun , a faster way for farmers to dry their crops.
In 1954 at Bell Labs saw the light of the first commercial solar cell: a junction was built on a planar crystal silicio.Il prohibitive cost of technology is still primitive and limit their use to space applications such as power supply artificial satellites. Subsequently, improved resistance
cells to environmental conditions, we began to study solar cells for terrestrial applications. Telkes gained about 20 patents during his career, he continued his affiliation with the University of Delaware and served as a consultant to a variety of companies and organizations around the world until his death at the age of 94. He died in his native Budapest, December 2, 1995. 
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